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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Black-faced spoonbill ： ウィキペディア英語版 Black-faced spoonbill thumbThe black-faced spoonbill (''Platalea minor'') has the most restricted distribution of all spoonbills, and it is the only one regarded as endangered. Spoonbills are large water birds with dorso-ventrally flattened, spatulate bills.〔Swennen, C., & Yu, Y. (2005). Food and Feeding Behavior of the Black-faced Spoonbill. Waterbirds, 28(1), 19-27.〕 These birds use a tactile method of feeding, wading in the water and sweeping their beaks from side-to-side to detect prey.〔Jianjun Jin, Zhishi Wang, Xuemin Liu, Valuing Black-faced Spoonbill Conservation in Macao: A Policy and Contingent Valuation Study, Ecological Economics, Volume 68, Issues 1–2, 1 December 2008, Pages 328-335, ISSN 0921-8009.〕 Confined to the coastal areas of eastern Asia, it seems that it was once common throughout its area of distribution. It has a niche existence on only a few small rocky islands off the west coast of North Korea, with four wintering sites at Macau, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Vietnam, as well as other places where they have been observed in migration. Wintering also occurs in Jeju, South Korea, Kyushu and Okinawa, Japan, and the Red River delta in Vietnam. More recently, sightings of black-faced spoonbill birds were noted in Thailand, the Philippines, mainland China, and Macau〔BirdLife International 2012. Platalea minor. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.〕 They were classified as an endangered species through IUCN in 2005.〔Chesser, R.Terry; Yeung, Carol K.L.; Yao, Cheng-Te; Tians, Xiu-Hua; Li Shou-Hsien (2010). "Molecular Phylogeny of the Spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA". Zootaxa (2603): 53–60. ISSN 1175-5326〕 Declines in their population are predicted in the future, mainly due to the amount of deforestation, pollution, and other man-made industries. The black-faced spoonbill population in the 2012 census was recorded at 2,693 birds, with an estimation of 1,600 mature birds. Breeding colonies occur between March and August, on small islands. These birds are known to be crepuscular eaters, using intertidal mudflats.〔 Conservation efforts have been made, and surveys were taken in order to determine the opinions and awareness of the local residents, residing close to the black-faced spoonbill’s natural habitats. One survey taken by Jin et al. 2008, inquired upon the ‘Willingness-To-Pay” factor in the locals, as well as understanding effects on mandatory surcharges compared to voluntary payments.〔 ==Taxonomy== A study of mitochondrial DNA of the spoonbills found that the black-faced and royal spoonbills were each other's closest relatives.〔 Out of the six Platalea species within the family Threskiornithidae, the black-faced spoonbill is the rarest.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black-faced spoonbill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.